Essay on Population Explosion: Problems And Solutions for Class 10, 12 and Mains Exam

Essay on Population Explosion: Problems And Solutions for Class 10, 12, Mains Exam (UPSC, PSC, SSC)

Introduction: ‘Population explosion’ or overpopulation refers to the rapid increase in the number of people living in an area. The rapid growth of population results from the high birth rate and the low death rate. India is the most populous country after China. It is the second most populated country in the world.  According to the 2021 census the current population of India is 1,400,000,000. Almost 500 people occupy an area of a square meter (2011 census). Over population is affecting the function of the Indian economy. As a result, the well being of people is being affected. In a state of population explosion, the economy of the country fails to provide the basic amenities to the people. Population explosion paves away to various social evils in the society. The masses remain in a state of poverty and unemployment due to which they engage in theft and robbery.

Problems of Population explosion: The increasing growth of population leaves a serious impact on the country’s economy and the society. India’s economic and social development have become crippled due to the rising population growth. The per capita income of the country has not risen remarkably and has remain irrevocable owing to population explosion.The major problems of population are discussed as follows:

  1. Problem of making investment: The increase in per capita income can be achieved only if there is more income to invest. This has detrimental effects on the economy’s growth rate. More of national income has to be invested in order to increase the per – capita income.
  2. Capital formation problem: Population explosion affects the growth of capital formation.High birth rate implies a greater number of dependents in the entire So, they remain inefficacious consumers. Hence the rate of capital formation falls.
  3. Low per-capita income: Due to the increase in population, the rate of per capita income of the country has fallen. This hampers the functioning of the economy.
  4. Food shortage: Increase in number of people means more mouths to feed. Due to low income or unemployment, the poor cannot afford food which affects their productivity and healthconditions. Low productivity implies low per capita income and hence they remain poverty stricken.
  5. Unemployment: The government fails to satiate the jobs needs of a large number of people.Disguised unemployment and open unemployment are found in the rural and urban areas respectively.
  6. Low standard of living: Since the income earned is insufficient, therefore people cannot afford the basic amenities of life. Hence, they cannot maintain their standard of living.
  7. Poverty: Increasing population creates poverty. Many remain unemployed for which they cannot afford food, living and shelter. So, they remain in a state of poverty.
  8. Pressure on Land: More population create pressure on land. The per capita availability of land decreases and the fragmentation of land holding increases.
  9. Social problems: Over population leads to social problem such as growth of slums where people live in unhygienic conditions. Unemployment and poverty lead to theft, beggary, robbery, child trafficking, child labour and prostitution.
  10. Environmental pollution: Overpopulation leads to environmental pollution such as air, water, land, soil and noise pollution.

Solutions of population explosion: The various remedies of population explosion are discussed below:

  1. Minimum age of marriage and late marriage: The minimum age of marriage in India has been legalized -for male be 21 and female is 18.  So,people should be made aware of this law. Late marriage reduces the reduces the reproduction period among females which decrease the birth rate.
  2. Improving the status of women: Women should be educated so that they can earn for themselves instead of staying within the confineshaving the notion of rearing and bearing children.
  3. Educating the masses: Education change the outlook of the people. Educated men and women prefer to do late marriage and adopt small family norms.
  4. Contraceptive pills and abortion: Use of contraceptives, abortion other birth control method help in lowering the birth rate.
  5. Creating employment opportunities: Generating more employment opportunities helps in eradicating unemployment which in turn control migration of people from one area to another.
  6. Increase of income for the employees: Increase in income of the employees will lessen the possibility of having more children who in turn is expected to help the family financially.
  7. Incentives: The government can provide incentives, promotion and leave facility to the working people to adopt small family norms.

Conclusion: It is high time to check the growth rate of human population. Population explosion is hindering the economic and the social progress of the country. Government of India has already taken important measures to slow down the population growth. However, some are not aware of the serious consequences of population growth. It is immensely essential to awaken awareness among the people and control population explosion.

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