Essay – Civil war
Civil war Essay: Civil War is also referred to as interstate or internal violent conflicts occurring within the boundaries of a specified nation or federal state. For instance, the formation of the southern state of India Telangana was a result of historic internal conflicts within the sovereign boundaries of India. Since, September 17, 1948, Telangana had been an internal part of Hyderabad till November 1, 1956. Since then it has been a part of Andhra Pradesh. Following prolonged years of internal conflict and struggleTelangana was established as an independent and federal state of India on 2 June 2014. India has always been a nation subjected to the threats of civil war owing to its cultural, religious and linguistic diversities.
Discussion
India has been the soft target of civil wars since its Independence. The formation of an Islamic state of Pakistan following partition and India sheltering a voluminous population of Muslims within it, a major proportion of which shares separatist sentiments has led to threats of civil war in the Northern valley states of Jammu and Kashmir. The Kashmiri people showed reluctance towards ascension with either India or Pakistan and wanted to establish an independent Kashmiri state characterized by its unique culture.
The Princely state of Kashmir has always been a precarious issue as two months after the independence and simultaneous partition, covert Pakistani militia and Jammu and Kashmir state forces were entangled in violent conflict with a national survey suggesting around 4000 deaths and several casualties. In addition to the escalated conflict, Jammu and Kashmir asked for the aid of Indian Armed forces which resulted in a conflict of the shape of civil war. This is because many Indian Muslim youths had trespassed across the borders to Pakistan to be trained as Islamic militants.
The initial phases of the Indo-Pak war in 1947 were termed by the erstwhile Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru as informal wars. The 1960s witnessed the execution of the plan known as “Master-cell” which aimed at developing an environment and condition of rebellion and internal conflict in Jammu and Kashmir by spreading a sense of paranoia and discontentment among the civilians. The ultimate phase of the Indo-Pak war in the 1980s was characterised by the most gruesome and violent conflicts that resulted in a death toll of 48000 civilians in the valley and the formation of Pakistan-Occupied Kashmir (PoK).
At present, India faces the threat of civil war from arguably the most impoverished states of India like Chattisgarh, Orissa, Jharkhand and Bihar. The states belonging to the heartland of India are tangled with conflicts against Maoists apprehending a civil war. While the civil war threats in Kashmir centred on the lines of cultural identity, the conflict rising from the Eastern part of India is purely ideological in the form of communist extremism against emerging capitalism.
The Left-Wing Extremism under the leadership of Charu Mazumder had violently tussled with the National Armed Forces from 1967. The extremist faction of the Communist Party of India demanded that the rural regions of the eastern states mostly Jharkhand and Chattisgarh be provided adequate resources to develop like the major states of India like Maharashtra, West Bengal and Uttar Pradesh. Around 8527 people have been annihilated by the armed forces with more than 3000 civilians caught up in the crossfire with numerous casualties.
Conclusion
In conclusion, India has been a hotspot for civil wars since its independence. The Kashmir issue had gripped India in violent conflicts from the 1960s that continued till the 80s. While the majority of the losses of death were civilians in Kashmir, most of the victims of the conflict between Left Wing nationalists and the Armed Forces had been tribals or from the marginalized sections of the society.
FAQs related to Civil war essay:
Q1. When was Telengana formed?
Ans: Telangana was a result of historic internal conflicts within the sovereign boundaries of India. Since September 17, 1948, Telangana had been an internal part of Hyderabad till November 1, 1956. Since then it has been a part of Andhra Pradesh. Following prolonged years of internal conflict and struggle Telangana was established as an independent and federal state of India on 2 June 2014.
Q2. How was the Indo-Pak conflict described by the Prime Minister?
The initial phases of the Indo-Pak war in 1947 were termed by the erstwhile Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru as informal wars. The 1960s witnessed the execution of the plan known as “Master-cell” which aimed at developing an environment and condition of rebellion and internal conflict in Jammu and Kashmir by spreading a sense of paranoia and discontentment among the civilians.
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