Chhattisgarh State Board Class 8 History Chapter 1 Rise Of Modern Europe Exercise Matching, Give reasons, Answer the following questions here.
I.) Match the following:
1.) Copernicus – not to obey the importance of pope.
2.) Columbus – Astronomical Scientist.
3.) Martin Luther – Corruption in religious practice.
4.) Henry VIII – Discovered sea route from Europe to America.
ANS:
1.) Copernicus -Astronomical Scientist.
2.) Columbus – Discovered sea route from Europe to America.
3.) Martin Luther- Corruption in religious practice.
4.) Henry VIII – not to obey the importance of pope.
II.) Give reasons:
1.) Why are Martin Luther’s followers known as Protestants?
ANS:
i) Martin Luther was a German religious leader, gavehis opinion against religious institutions.
ii) Martin Luther challenged the Christian leader Pope for independent power and also protested against the religious settlement and prevailing malpractices.
Iii) Due to this protest against religion settlements, his believers was known as ‘Protestants’.
2.) Why did European traders established trading companies?
ANS:
i) European traders gained profit through foreign trade but there was lots of problems faced by them.
ii) To find solution of it they gave up work to craftsman, started collecting raw materials and stocked them.
Iii) They also started doing the production of materials for that European traders established trading companies.
3.) Why has middle class become the back bone of modern society?
ANS:
i) European traders gained profit through foreign trade. Due to increase in trade various occupation came into existence such as banker, broker, clerk and accountant etc. These all are in middle class.
ii) Various skilled workers and producers are also in this middle class.
iii) This peoples eager to learn new things and have no bondage with superstition and tradition.
For this reason middle class become the back bone of modern society.
III.) Answer the following questions:
1.) What was the result of invention of art of printing?
ANS:
i) Due to art of printing availability of books in large number were easy and at a lower cost.
ii) Because of this f knowledge of ancient ideas and modern views, the ideal revolution got a new direction.
iii) Due to this peoples started to find out the roots in Europe.
2.) What goods did Arabian traders sell to European traders?
ANS:
Various types of goods Arabian traders sell to European traders.
i) Arabian cloths and sugar are the goods which Arabian traders sell to European traders.
3.) Explain about ‘Renaissance’.
ANS:
‘Renaissance’:
i) In 15th century various reforms took place in Europe. Due to discovery of printing machine availability of books in large number.
ii) Different cultures of Literature, art, fine art, sculpture, science etc. influenced the change of views of peoples in Europe.
iii) Scientists such as Copernicus and Galileo established new scientific explanation about universe.
iv) German religious leader, Martin Luther protested against these religious institutions, this was a ‘Reformation in Religion’ in age of Renaissance.
v) King Henry VIII denied to follow the empowerment of the Pope.
4.) As a result of industrial revolution which three classes of society came into role? Explain in short.
ANS:
Result of industrial revolution various classes came into existence in society.
i) Rulers
ii)Business class
iii) Third group consist of large number of labour society including rich and middle class.
i) Rulers in Europe relied the traders by ranking them according to the prosperity of the nation, this forms new modern Society.
ii) Rich peoples which was the owners of the factories and industries and they used raw materials for the production of goods.
iii) The Labour or workers works under this rich peoples in industry or factory.
iv)In early age peoples do production of raw materials in their houses but due to industrial developments ,workers work on salary in factories.
5.) What are the impact of rise in trade in Europe?
ANS:
Due to rise in Trade various impact are takes place in Social, Economic and Political life.
Social impact –
Various occupation are formed due to this middle class generated and in this skilled workers and producers are there. Middle class become the back-bone of modern society.
Economic impact –
There was increase in the number of Banks to provide capital for trade. Due to the increase in trade and industry the margin of profit increased. As a result the European nation began to prosper.
Political impact –
Rise in trade also affected the political areas of Europe. Rulers relied the traders by ranking them according to the prosperity of the nation with this business class got importance and respect in the country.
