CBSE Class 10 Social Science Previous Question Paper 2018 Solution
SOCIAL SCIENCE
1) Why were big European powers met in Berlin in 1885 ?
Ans: European powers met in Berlin in 1885 to complete the carving up of Africa among them.
or
Why were merchants from towns in Europe began to move countryside in seventeenth and eighteenth centuries ?
Ans: Merchants began to move countryside in 17th & 18th century-
(i) Merchants could not expand production within towns.
(ii) The trade guilds restricted the entry of new people into the
trade in towns.
(iii) Any other relevant point
or
Why did Charles Booth, a Liverpool ship owner conduct the first social survey of low skilled workers in the East End of London in 1887 ?
Ans: Charles Booth conducted the First Social Survey[1]
He wanted to study the condition of low skilled workers.
2) Why did the Roman Catholic Church impose control over publishers and booksellers ?
Ans: Roman Catholic Church imposed control over publishers and booksellers[1]
It was feared that if there was no control over what was printed and read then rebellious and irreligious thought might spread.
or
Why do novels use vernacular ?
Ans: Novels use vernacular
Because it is spoken by the common people.
3) Classify resources on the basis of origin.
Ans: Classification of resources on the basis of origin[1]Biotic and Abioti
4) ‘A challenge is not just any problem but an opportunity for progress.’ Analyse the statement.
Ans: A challenge is an opportunity:
Overcoming a challenge gives an opportunity to go up to a higher level than before.
5) State any two goals of development other than income.
Ans: Goals of development other than income-
(i) Equal treatment
(ii) Freedom
(iii) Security
(iv) Respect for others
(v) Any other relevant point
6) When we produce goods by exploiting natural resources, in which category of economic sector such activities come ?
Ans: Category of Economic Sector[1]
Primary Sector
7) Give any two examples of informal sector of credit.
Ans: Informal Sectors of Credit-
(i) Moneylenders
(ii) Traders
(iii) Employers
(iv) Relatives
(v) Friends
(vi) Any other relevant point
8) Describe the impact of ‘Rinderpest’ on people’s livelihoods and local economy in Africa in the 1890s.
Ans: Impact of Rinderpest-
(i) Rinderpest killed 90% of cattle in Africa.
(ii) The loss of cattle destroyed African livelihood.
(iii) Planters, mine owners and colonial government successfully monopolized what scarce cattle resources remained.
(iv) Forced Africans into labour market.
(v) Control over the cattle resources enabled European colonizers to conquer and subdue Africa.
or
Describe any three major problems faced by Indian cotton weavers in nineteenth century.
ans: Major problems faced by the Indian cotton weavers-
(i) Their export market collapsed.
(ii) The local market shrunk.
(iii) Increase in price of raw cotton.
(iv) Shortage of cotton.
(v) Difficulty of weavers to compete with the imported machine
made cheaper cotton products.
(vi) Factories in India also began cheaper machine made goods to
which our weavers could not compete.
(vii) Any other relevant point.
or
Describe any three steps taken to clean up London during nineteenth century.
ans: Steps taken to clean London-
(i) Attempts were made up to decongest localities
(ii) Green the open space
(iii) Reduce pollution
(iv) Landscape the city
(v) Large blocks of apartments were built
(vi) Any other relevant point
9) “The ‘Print Revolution’ had transformed the lives of people changing their relationship to information and knowledge.” Analyse the statement.
Ans: Transformation due to Print Revolution-
(i) It influenced people’s perception and opened up new ways of looking at things.
(ii) A new reading public emerged
(iii) Increase in the reading public
(iv) Intermingling of hearing and reading public
(v) Created the possibility of wide circulation of ideas.
(vi) Introduced a new world of debate and discussion.
(vii)Stimulated many distinctive individual interpretation of faith.
(viii) Any other relevant point.
or
Distinguish between the themes of ‘Pride and Prejudice’ and ‘Jane Eyre’ novels written by Jane Austen and Charlotte Bronte respectively.
Ans: Points of distinction between ‘Pride and Prejudice’ and ‘Jane Eyre’-Pride and Prejudice
(i) The novel of Jane Austen gives us a glimpse of women in genteel rural society.
(ii) They make us think about a society which encouraged women to look for good marriages and find wealthy or propertied husbands.
(iii) The main characters were preoccupied with marriage and money as typified in Austen society.
Jane Eyre
i) The main character broke established norms of society before adjusting to them.
ii) Character is shown as independent and assertive.
iii) Encouraged women readers to sympathize with rebellious actions.
iv) Any other relevant point.
10) How has the ever increasing number of industries in India made worse position by exerting pressure on existing fresh water resources ? Explain.
Ans: Increasing number of industries exerting pressure on fresh water resources-
(i) Industries are heavy users of water.
(ii) More demand of hydro electric power.
(iii) Industrial wastes and effluent are discharged into rivers causing water pollution.
(iv) Multiplying urban centres, due to industries, has caused pressure on water resources.
(v) Any other relevant point.
11) “Dense and efficient network of transport is a pre-requisite for local and national development.” Analyse the statement.
Ans: Efficient network of transport is pre-requisite for local and national development-
(i) The movement of the goods and services from their supply locations to demand locations necessitates the need for transportation.
(ii) Development of country depends upon the production of goods and services as well as movement to their destinations.
(iii) Transport helps in both production and distribution of goods.
(iv) Supports all sectors of the economy.
(v) Any other relevant point.
12) Describe any three provisions of amendment made in ‘Indian Constitution’ in 1992 for making ‘Three-Tier’ government more effective and powerful.
Ans: Amendment in Indian Constitution in 1992-
(i) It is constitutionally mandatory to hold regular elections to local government bodies.
(ii) Seats reserved for the Scheduled Caste, Scheduled Tribes and Other Backward Classes.
(iii) At least one third of all positions are reserved for women.
(iv) Creation of State Election Commission.
(vi) The state governments are required to share some powers and revenue with local government bodies.
(vii) Any other relevant point.
13) Explain the three factors that are crucial in deciding the outcome of politics of social divisions.
Ans: Factors in deciding outcome of politics on social divisions-
(i) How people perceive their identities.
(ii) How political leaders raise the demand of any communities.
(iii) How government reacts to these demands.
(iv) Any other relevant point.
14) “Secularism is not an ideology of some political parties or persons, but it is one of the foundations of our country.” Examine the statement.
Ans: Secularism is the foundation of our country-
(i) There is no official religion of India.
(ii) Our constitution does not give a special status to any religion.
(iii) The constitution prohibits discrimination on ground of religion.
(iv) The constitution provides all individuals and communities
freedom to profess, practice and propagate any religion or not
to follow any religion.
(v) The constitution allows the state to intervene in the matters of
religion in order to ensure equality.
(vi) Any other relevant point.
15) How is the issue of sustainability important for development ? Explain with examples.
Ans: Importance of Sustainable Development –
(i) Sustainable development aims at fulfilling the needs of today
without compromising the needs of the future generation.
(ii) Sustainability is the capability to use the resources judiciously
and maintain the ecological balance.
(iii)It lays emphasis on environmental protection and check
environmental degradation.
(iv) To stop over exploitation and over use of resources.
16) Distinguish the service conditions of organized sector with that of unorganized sector.
Ans: Service conditions of Organized and Unorganized Sectors-
(i) Organized sector is registered by the government whereas, the unorganized sector is largely outside the control of the government.
(ii) In organized sector the workers enjoy security of employment whereas, in unorganized sector jobs are insecure, low paid and irregular.
(iii)In organized sector the numbers of working hours are fixed whereas in unorganized sector the numbers of working hours are not fixed.
(iv) In organized sector workers get several benefits such as paid leaves, payment during holidays, provident fund etc, whereas in unorganized sector such facilities are not available.
(v) Any other relevant point.
17) Why is cheap and affordable credit important for the country’s development ? Explain any three reasons.
Ans: Importance of cheap and affordable credit for the country’s development-
(i) Cheap and affordable credits would lead to higher income.
(ii) Many people could borrow for a variety of needs
(iii) It encourages people to invest in agriculture, do business and set up small scale industries etc.
(iv) It enables more investment which will lead to acceleration of economic activities.
(v) Affordable credit would also end the cycle of debt trap.
(vi) Any other relevant point.
18) How can consumer awareness be spread among consumers to avoid exploitation in the market place ? Explain any three ways.
Ans: Consumer awareness among consumers to avoid exploitation-
(i) The formation of various organizations such as Consumers Forum or Consumers Protection Council.
(ii) To guide consumers on how to file cases in the Consumers Courts.
(iii) Consumer’s education to be promoted through advertisement/mass campaign/publicity/against malpractices of traders.
(iv) By writing articles/ holding exhibition/rallies.
(v) Strict laws to be enforced in market places.
(vi) Any other relevant point.
19) Describe the explosive conditions prevailed in Balkans after 1871 in Europe.
Ans: Explosive condition of Balkans in 1871 –
The Balkans was a region of geographical and ethnic variation comprising modern days Romania, Bulgaria, Albania, Greece and Macedonia whose inhabitants were broadly known as Slavs.A large part of Balkans was under the control of Ottoman Empire.The spread of ideas of Romantic Nationalism in the Balkans together with the disintegration of the Ottoman Empire made this region explosive.
All throughout the 19th century the Ottoman Empire had sought to strengthen itself.
The Balkan people based their claims for independence or political rights on nationality and used history for their claim.Balkan also became the scene of rivalry among big powers.To be assessed as a whole.
or
Describe the role of different religious groups in the development of anti-colonial feelings in Vietnam.
Ans: Role of religious groups in the development of anti-colonial feelings in
Vietnam
Religion played an important role in strengthening colonial control; it
also provided ways of resistance in Vietnam.
- Vietnam’s religious beliefs were a mixture of Buddhism, Confucianism and local practices.
- Christianity introduced by French missionaries.
- Many religious movements were hostile to the Western presence.
- The revolt was led by officials at the Imperial Court angered by the spread of Catholic Church and French power.
- French crushed the movement but uprising served to inspire others.
- Scholars Revolt
- Hao Hoa Movement(1939)
- To be assessed as a whole.
20) How did Non-Cooperation movement start with participation of middle class people in the cities ? Explain its impact on the economic front.
Ans: Participation of middle class people and its impact[1]
i.) The movement started with middle class participation in the cities.
ii.) Thousands of students left government controlled schools and colleges.
iii.) Head Masters and teachers resigned.
iv.) Lawyers gave up their legal practice.
v.) The Council election was boycotted in most of the provinces.
vi.) Any other relevant point.
Economic Impact
i.) Liquor shops picketed.
ii.) Foreign goods were boycotted.
iii.) Production of Indian textile mills and handlooms went up.
iv.) Import of goods declined.
v.) Any other relevant point.
or
Why was Congress reluctant to allow women to hold any position of authority within the organisation ? How did women participate in Civil Disobedience Movement ? Explain.
Ans: Congress reluctant in participation of women[1]
i.) Congress was keen only on the symbolic presence of women within the organization.
ii.) Gandhiji was convinced that it was the duty of women to look
after home and hearth, be good mothers and good wives.
Participation of women in Civil Disobedience Movement[1]
i.) During Gandhiji’s Salt March, thousands of women came out of their homes to
participate in protest marches.
ii.) Manufactured salt and picketed liquor shops.
iii.) Boycotted foreign goods.
iv.) Many went to jail.
v.) Women were from high caste families and from rich peasant households participated.
vi.) Moved by Gandhiji’s call, they began to see service to nation as a sacred duty of women.
21) “The Government of India has introduced various institutional and technological reforms to improve agriculture in the 1980s and 1990s.” Support this statement with examples..
Ans: Institutional Reforms[1]
i.) A Comprehensive Land Development Programme was initiated.
ii.) Provision of crop insurance against drought, floods, cyclone, fire and disease.
iii.) Establishment of Gramin Banks , Cooperative Societies and Banks for providing loan facilities to the farmers at lower rates of interest.
iv.) Kissan Credit Card (KCC) introduced.
v.) Accident Insurance Scheme (PAIS) introduced.
vi.) The government announced Minimum Support Price,remunerative and procurement prices to reduce exploitation.
Technological Reforms[1]
i.) HYV seeds / Chemical Fertilizer/ Pesticides were provided.
ii.) Methods of Irrigation modernized.
iii.) Latest agricultural equipments introduced.
iv.) Special weather bulletins and agricultural programmes for farmers were introduced on Radio and Television.
or
Compare ‘intensive subsistence farming’ with that of ‘commercial farming’ practiced in India.
Ans: Comparison between ‘Intensive Subsistence farming’ and
‘Commercial farming’-
i.) In Intensive subsistence farming pressure of population on land is high whereas in commercial farming population pressure is low.
ii.) In intensive subsistence farming labour intensive farming is used whereas in commercial farming mechanized form of farming is used.
iii.) In intensive subsistence farming there is low capital investment whereas in commercial farming high capital investment is seen.
iv.) In intensive subsistence farming farmers produce for their own consumption whereas in commercial farming production is mainly for the market.
v.) In intensive subsistence farming processing industries are not associated with farms whereas in commercial farming processing industries are associated with plantations.
vi.) In intensive subsistence farming multiple cropping is practiced whereas in commercial farming single cropping is practiced.
vii.) In intensive subsistence farming land holdings are small whereas in commercial farming land holdings are large.
viii.) Any other relevant point.
22) Why is the economic strength of a country measured by the development of manufacturing industries ? Explain with examples.
Ans: The economic development of a country is measured by the development of manufacturing industries by the following ways[1]
i.) Manufacturing industries help in modernizing agriculture which
forms the backbone of our economy.
ii.) They reduce the heavy dependence of people on agricultural income by providing them jobs in secondary and tertiary sectors.
iii.) Industrial development is pre-condition for eradication of unemployment and poverty from our country.
iv.) Manufacturing goods expand trade and commerce
v.) Export brings in much needed foreign exchange.
vi.) Manufacturing is the process of value addition.
vii.) It also brings down regional disparities by establishing industries
in tribal and backward areas.
viii.) It increases the GDP/ National Income of the country.
23) Describe any five major functions of political parties performed in a democracy.
Ans: Major functions of the Political Parties are as follows[1]
i.) Parties contest elections.
ii.) Parties put forward different policies and programmes.
iii.) Parties play a decisive role in making laws of a country.
iv.) Parties form and run the government.
v.) Those parties that lose in the elections play the role of opposition.
vi.) Parties shape public opinion.
vii.) Parties provide people access to government machinery and
welfare schemes implemented by the government.
24) “Democracy stands much superior to any other form of government in promoting dignity and freedom of the individual.” Justify this statement.
Ans: Democracy stands much superior to any other form of government in promoting dignity and freedom of the individual[1]
i.) Every individual wants to receive respect from fellow beings.
ii.) The passion for respect and freedom are the basis of democracy.
iii.) Democracy stands for respect and equal treatment of women.
iv.) Democracy in India has strengthened the claims of the
disadvantaged and discriminated groups for equal status and equal opportunities.
v.) It provides methods to resolve conflicts.
vi.) Any other relevant point.
or
“Democracies lead to peaceful and harmonious life among citizens.” Justify this statement.
Ans: Democracy lead to peaceful and harmonious life among citizens –
i.) Democracy accommodates various social divisions.
ii.) Democracy reduces the possibility of tensions becoming explosive and violent.
iii.) Ability to handle social differences and conflicts among different groups is a plus point of democracy.
iv.) Democracy develops procedure to conduct healthy competitions among different groups in a society.
v.) Democracy respects differences and provides mechanism to resolve them.
vi.) Democracy always accommodates minority view.
25) How has foreign trade been integrating markets of different countries ? Explain with examples.
Ans: Foreign Trade is Integrating markets of different countries-
(i) Foreign trade creates an opportunity for the producers to reach beyond the domestic markets.
(ii) Producers can sell their products in the markets located in other countries.
(iii) It helps for expanding the choice of goods beyond domestic market.
(iv) It is a main channel connecting countries.
(v) Highly helpful for extensive trade.
(vi) The trading interest attracts various trading companies.
or
How do we feel the impact of globalization on our daily life ? Explain with examples.
Ans: Impact of Globalization-
(i) Globalization and greater competition among producers has been of advantage to consumers.
(ii) Greater choice before consumers.
(iii) Availability of standard quality products at lower price.
(iv) Improvement in living standard.
(v) Foreign investments have increased in many areas like cell phones, auto mobiles, electronics, soft drinks etc.
(vi) New job have been created.
(vii) Several of the units have shut down rendering many workers jobless.
(viii)Globalization has also created insecurity of job.
26) (A) Two features a and b are marked on the given political outline map of India. Identify these features with the help of the following information and write their correct names on the lines marked near them :
(a) The place where the Indian National Congress Session was held.
(b) The place where Gandhiji organized ‘Satyagraha’ in favour of cotton mill workers.
(B) Locate and label the following with appropriate symbols on the same given outline political map of India.
(i) Raja Sansi – International Airport
(ii) Bhadravati – Iron and Steel Plant
(iii) Software Technology Park of West Bengal
Note: The following questions are for the Visually Impaired candidates only in lieu of Q. No. 26 :
(i) Name the state where the Indigo planters organized Satyagraha.
(ii) Name the state where Gandhiji violated the Salt Law.
(iii) Name the state where Raja Sansi International Airport is located.
(iv) Name the state where Salem Iron and Steel Plant is located.
(v) Name the state where Narora Nuclear Power Plant is located.
Ans: