Case Study Questions Class 9 Science Chapter 13 Why Do We Fall Ill
CBSE Class 9 Case Study Questions Science Why Do We Fall Ill. Important Case Study Questions for Class 9 Exam. Here we have arranged some Important Case Base Questions for students who are searching for Paragraph Based Questions Why Do We Fall Ill.
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CBSE Case Study Questions Class 9 Science – Why Do We Fall Ill
CASE 1
There are many tissues in the body. These tissues make up physiological systems or organ systems that carry out body functions. Each of the organ systems has specific organs as its parts, and it has particular functions. So, the digestive system has the stomach and intestines, and it helps to digest food taken in from outside the body. The musculoskeletal system, which is made up of bones and muscles, holds the body parts together and helps the body move. When there is a disease, either the functioning of one or more systems of the body will change for the worse. These changes give rise to symptoms and signs of disease. Symptoms of disease are the things we feel as being ‘wrong’. Such as headache, cough, loose motions, a wound with pus these are all symptoms. These indicate that there may be a disease, but they don’t indicate what the disease is. For example, a headache mayjust stress or very rarely it may mean meningitis, or any one of a dozen different diseases.
The manifestations of disease will be different depending on a number of factors. Some diseases last for only very short periods of time, and these are called acute diseases. We all know from experience that the common cold lasts only a few days. Other ailments can last for a long time, even as much as a lifetime, and are called chronic diseases. An example is the infection causing elephantiasis, which is very common in some parts of India.
(1) Which of the following is the function of musculoskeletal system?
(a) Digest food taken in from outside the body
(b) Holds the body parts together
(c) Helps the body move
(d) Both b & c
(2) Which of the following is the function of Digestive system?
(a) Digestion of food
(b) Holds the body parts together
(c) Helps the body move
(d) Both b & c
(3)Diseases that last for only very short periods of time are termed as
(a) Chronic Diseases
(b) Symptoms
(c) Acute Diseases
(d)
(4) Define Acute Diseases.
(5) Define Chronic Diseases.
Answer key
(1) d
(2) a
(3) c
(4) Diseases that last for only very short periods of time are called as Acute Diseases
(5) Diseases that last for long period of time, even as much as a lifetime are called as Chronic Diseases.
CASE 2
Acute and chronic diseases have different effects on our health. Any disease that causes poor functioning of some part of the body will affect our health. This is because all functions of the body are necessary for being healthy.But an acute disease, which is over very soon, will not have time to cause major effects on general health, while a chronic disease will do so.
For example, cough and cold, which all of us have from time to time. Most of us get better and become well within a week or so. And there are no lasting effects on our health.
When we get infected with a chronic disease such as tuberculosis of the lungs, then being ill over the years does make us lose weight and feel tired all the time. We are likely to have prolonged general poor health if we have a chronic disease. Chronic diseases have very drastic long-term effects on people’s health as compared to acute diseases.
(1) Which of the following is the example of chronic disease?
(a) Cold
(b) Cough
(c) Tuberculosis
(d) All of the above
(2) Identify correct statement given below,
Statement 1 – Chronic diseases have very drastic long-term effects on health.
Statement 2 – Acute diseases does not cause major effects on general health.
Statement 3 – Chronic diseases last for only very short periods of time.
Statement 4 – Acute diseases last for very long periods of time.
(a) Both 1 & 2
(b) Only 1
(c) Both 3 & 4
(d) All of the above
(3) Which of the following is the example of acute disease?
(a) Cold & Cough
(b) Tuberculosis
(c) Both a & b
(d) None of the above
(4) What is the distinguishing feature of Acute Diseases?
(5) What is the distinguishing feature of Chronic Diseases?
Answer key
(1) c
(2) a
(3) a
(4) Distinguishing feature of Acute Diseases :
- Acute diseases last for very short period of time.
•Acute diseases does not cause major effects on general health.
•Example – Cold and cough.
(5) Distinguishing feature of Chronic Diseases :
- Chronic diseases last for very long periods of time.
•Chronic diseases does cause major effects on health.
•Example – Tuberculosis.
CASE 3
Many microbial agents can commonly move from an affected person to someone else in a variety of ways. In other words, they can be ‘communicated’, and so are also called communicable diseases. Such disease-causing microbes can spread through the air. This occurs through the little droplets thrown out by an infected person who sneezes or coughs. Someone standing close by can breathe in these droplets, and the microbes get a chance to start a new infection. Examples, common cold, coronavirus disease, pneumonia and tuberculosis. The more crowded our living conditions are, the more likely it is that such airborne diseases will spread.
Diseases can also be spread through water. This occurs if the excreta from someone suffering from an infectious gut disease, such as cholera, get mixed with the drinking water used by people living nearby. The choleracausing microbes will enter a healthy person through the water they drink and cause disease in them. Such diseases are much more likely to spread in the absence of safe supplies of drinking water.
There are microbial infections such as syphilis or AIDS that are transmitted by sexual contact from one partner to the other. However, such sexually transmitted diseases are not spread by casual physical contact. Other than the sexual contact, the virus causing AIDS (HIV) can also spread through blood-to-blood contact with infected people or from an infected mother to her baby during pregnancy or through breast feeding.
It is inevitable that many diseases will be transmitted by other animals. These animals carry the infecting agents from a sick person to another potential host. These animals are thus the intermediaries and are called vectors. The commonest vectors we all know are mosquitoes. In many species of mosquitoes, the females need highly nutritious food in the form of blood in order to be able to lay mature eggs. Mosquitoes feed on many warm-blooded animals. In this way, they can transfer diseases from person to person.
(1) Which of the following diseases are sexually transmitted?
(a) AIDS
(b) Syphilis
(c) Cholera
(d) Both a & b
(2) Disease which transmits through the water are termed as ________
(a) Airborne Diseases
(b) Waterborne Diseases
(c) Sexually Transmitted Diseases
(d) None of the above
(3) Which of the following diseases are water transmitted?
(a) AIDS&Syphilis
(b) Malaria
(c) Cholera
(d) Both a & b
(4) Define Airborne Diseases.
(5) Enlist any two Sexually transmitted diseases.
Answer key
(1) D
(2) B
(3) C
(4) Disease which transmits through the air are termed as Airborne Diseases.
(5) Sexually transmitted diseasesare :
- AIDS
•Syphilis
CASE 4
There are two ways to treat an infectious disease. One would be to reduce the effects of the disease and the other to kill the cause of the disease. For the first, provide treatment that will reduce the symptoms. The symptoms are usually because of inflammation. The symptom-directed treatment by itself does not make the infecting microbe go away and the disease will not be cured. For that, we need to be able to kill off the microbes. By using medicines that kill microbes.
Microbes can be classified into different categories. They are viruses, bacteria, fungi or protozoa. Each of these groups of organisms will have some essential biochemical life process which is peculiar to that group. These processes may be pathways for the synthesis of new substances or respiration. These pathways will not be used by us either. By finding a drug that blocks the bacterial synthesis pathway without affecting our own. This is what is achieved by the antibiotics that we are all familiar with. Similarly, there are drugs that kill protozoa such as the malarial parasite. One reason why making anti-viral medicines is harder than making anti-bacterial medicines is that viruses have few biochemical mechanisms of their own. Theyenter our cells and use our machinery for their life processes. This means that there are relatively few virus-specific targets to aim at. Despite this limitation, there are now effective anti-viral drugs, for example, the drugs that keep HIV infection under control.
(1) Which of the following are the classes of microbes?
(a) Viruses
(b) Bacteria
(c) Fungi
(d) All of the above
(2) Identify correct statement given below,
Statement 1 – Microbes are classified into: viruses, bacteria, fungi or protozoa.
Statement 2 – Making anti-viral medicines is harder than making anti-bacterial medicines.
Statement 3 – Malarial parasite is bacteria.
Statement 4 – HIV is caused due to fungi.
(a) Both 1 & 2
(b) Both 2& 3
(c) Only 4
(d) None of above
(3) Malarial parasite is ______
(a) Bacteria
(b) Fungi
(c) Virus
(d) Protozoa
(4) Why making anti-viral medicines is harder than making anti-bacterial medicines?
(5) Enlist the ways that used to treat an infectious disease.
Answer key
(1)d
(2) a
(3) d
(4) Making anti-viral medicines is harder than making anti-bacterial medicines because viruses have few biochemical mechanisms of their own. Theyenter our cells and use our machinery for their life processes. This means that there are relatively few virus-specific targets to aim at.
(5) There are two ways to treat an infectious disease.
- By reducing the effects of the disease.
- By killing the cause of the disease.
CASE 5
There are two ways of prevention, one general and one specific to each disease. The general ways of preventing infections mostly relate to preventing exposure. For airborne microbes, we can prevent exposure by providing living conditions that are not overcrowded. For water-borne microbes, we can prevent exposure by providing safe drinking water. This can be done by treating the water to kill any microbial contamination. For vector-borne infections, we can provide clean environments. This would not, for example, allow mosquito breeding. In other words, by providing safe drinking water is, public hygiene one basic key to the prevention of infectious diseases.
There are some general principles to prevent infectious diseases. The immune system of our body is normally fighting off microbes. We have cells that specialise in killing infecting microbes. These cells go into action each time infecting microbes enter the body. If they are successful, we do not actually come down with any disease. The immune cells manage to kill off the infection long before it assumes major proportions. As we noted earlier, if the number of the infecting microbes is controlled, the manifestations of disease will be minor. In other words, becoming exposed to or infected with an infectious microbe does not necessarily mean developing noticeable disease.
The way of looking at severe infectious diseases is that it represents a lack of success of the immune system. The functioning of the immune system, like any other system in our body, will not be good if proper and sufficient nourishment and food is not available. Therefore, the second basic principle of prevention of infectious disease is the availability of proper and sufficient food for everyone.
(1) _________ is the key to the prevention of infectious diseases.
(a) By providing safe drinking water
(b) Public hygiene
(c) By providing living conditions that are not overcrowded
(d) All of the above
(2) Severe infection represents
(a) Lack of success of the immune system
(b) Absence of immune system
(c) All of the above
(d) Lack of antibodies
(3) Which of the following things helps in killing infecting microbes
(a) Immune cells
(b) Having proper nourishment and food
(c) By providing safe drinking water
(d) None of above
(4) The general way of preventing infection is related to
(a) Preventing exposure
(b) Having proper nourishment and food
(c) Both a & b
(d) All of the above
(5)How can we improve thefunctioning of the immune system?
Answer key
(1) d
(2) a
(3) a
(4) a
(5) We can improve the functioning of the immune system by
•By having proper nourishment and food.
•By maintaining the proper hygiene.
•By taking the proper preventive measures.
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