Case Study Questions Class 12 Biology Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production

Case Study Questions Class 12 Biology Chapter 9 Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production

CBSE Class 12 Case Study Questions Biology Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production. Term 2 Important Case Study Questions for Class 12 Board Exam Students. Here we have arranged some Important Case Base Questions for students who are searching for Paragraph Based Questions Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production.

At Case Study Questions there will given a Paragraph. In where some Important Questions will made on that respective Case Based Study. There will various types of marks will given 1 marks, 2 marks, 3 marks, 4 marks.

CBSE Case Study Questions Class 12 Biology Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production

Case Study 1

Dairying is the management of animals for milk and its products for human consumption. Can you list the animals that you would expect to find in a dairy? What are different kinds of products that can be made with milk from a dairy farm? In dairy farm management, we deal with processes and systems that increase yield and improve quality of milk. Milk yield is primarily dependent on the quality of breeds in the farm. Selection of good breeds having high yielding potential (under the climatic conditions of the area), combined with resistance to diseases is very important. For the yield potential to be realised the cattle have to be well looked after – they have to be housed well, should have adequate water and be maintained disease free. The feeding of cattle should be carried out in a scientific manner – with special emphasis on the quality and quantity of fodder. Besides, stringent cleanliness and hygiene (both of the cattle and the handlers) are of paramount importance while milking, storage and transport of the milk and its products. Nowadays, of course, much of these processes have become mechanised, which reduces chance of direct contact of the produce with the handler. Ensuring these stringent measures would of course, require regular inspections, with proper record keeping.

It would also help to identify and rectify the problems as early as possible. Regular visits by a veterinary doctor would be mandatory. You would probably find it interesting if you were to prepare a questionnaire on diverse aspects of dairy keeping and then follow it up with a visit to a dairy farm in your locality and seek answers to the questions.

Que. 1) In the animals, ………………………………………………………………. Is the management for milk and milk products (For human consumption).

(a) Farming

(b) Breeding

(c) Culturing

(d) Dairying

Que. 2) In the farm, milk yield is primarily depends on the quality of …………………………………………………………………………………….

(a) Breed

(b) Soil

(c) Plants

(d) Grass

Que. 3) Selection of good breed results in …………………………………………………………………………………..

(a) High crop yield

(b) High area

(c) High farm

(d) High milk yield

Que. 4) How to maintain yield potential?

Que. 5) What is important during milking and transportation of milk.

Answer Key

Que. 1)(d) Dairying.

Que. 2) (a) Breed

Que. 3) (d) High milk yield

Que. 4) Answer: Cattles should be disease free, should provide adequate water, and should housed well etc., by this way yield potential is maintained.

Que. 5) Hygiene and cleanliness is important during milking and transportation of milk.

Case Study 2

Poultry is the class of domesticated fowl (birds) used for food or for their eggs. They typically include chicken and ducks, and sometimes turkey and geese. The word poultry is often used to refer to the meat of only these birds, but in a more general sense it may refer to the meat of other birds too. As in dairy farming, selection of disease free and suitable breeds, proper and safe farm conditions, proper feed and water, and hygiene and health care are important components of poultry farm management.

Breeding of animals is an important aspect of animal husbandry. Animal breeding aims at increasing the yield of animals and improving the desirable qualities of the produce. When breeding is between animals of the same breed it is called inbreeding, while crosses between different breeds are called outbreeding. Inbreeding : Inbreeding refers to the mating of more closely related individuals within the same breed for 4- 6 generations. The breeding strategy is as follows – superior males and superior females of the same breed are identified and mated in pairs. The progeny obtained from such matings are evaluated and superior males and females among them are identified for further mating. A superior female, in the case of cattle, is the cow or buffalo that produces more milk per lactation. On the other hand, a superior male is the bull, which gives rise to superior progeny as compared to those of other males.

Que. 1) When the breeding process occurs between same breed of animals, then it is known as …………………………………………………………………………………….

(a) In-grazing

(b) In-breeding

(c) Out-grazing

(d) Out-breeding

Que. 2) A cow or buffalo which produces more milk per lactation is a …………………………………………………………………………… female.

(a) Outbreed female

(b) Cattle female

(c) Inferior female

(d) Superior female

Que. 3) …………………………………………………………………………. is the class of domesticated fowl which provides food and eggs.

(a) Dairy

(b) Grazing

(c) Poultry

(d) Milking

Que. 4) What is Inbreeding?

Que. 5) Which is the main essential component of poultry farm management?

Answer Key

Que. 1) (b) In-breeding

Que. 2) (d) Superior female

Que. 3) (c) Poultry

Que. 4) Answer: The mating of individuals (which are more closely related) within the same breed for 4 to 6 generations is called as Inbreeding.

Que. 5) Health care is the main essential component of poultry farm management.

Case Study 3

Out-breeding : Out-breeding is the breeding of the unrelated animals, which may be between individuals of the same breed but having no common ancestors for 4-6 generations (out-crossing) or between different breeds (cross-breeding) or different species (inter-specific hybridisation). Interspecific hybridisation: In this method, male and female animals of two different related species are mated. In some cases, the progeny may combine desirable features of both the parents, and may be of considerable economic value, e.g., the mule. Do you know what cross leads to the production of the mule? Controlled breeding experiments are carried out using artificial insemination. The semen is collected from the male that is chosen as a parent and injected into the reproductive tract of the selected female by the breeder. The semen may be used immediately or can be frozen and used at a later date. It can also be transported in a frozen form to where the female is housed. In this way desirable matings are carried.

 Artificial insemination helps us overcome several problems of normal matings. Can you discuss and list some of them? Often, the success rate of crossing mature male and female animals is fairly low even though artificial insemination is carried out. To improve chances of successful production of hybrids, other means are also used. Multiple Ovulation Embryo Transfer Technology (MOET) is one such programme for herd improvement.

Que. 1) When the breeding process occurs between different breed of animals, then it is known as …………………………………………………………………………………….

(a) In-breeding

(b) Out-breeding

(c) Pre-breeding

(d) Post-breeding

Que. 2) In the artificial insemination, semen is injected into the reproductive tract of female by the  ……………………………………………………………………………..

(a) Male

(b) Female

(c) Breeder

(d) Breeds

Que. 3) In the Out-breeding process, animals have no common ancestors for ………………………………………………………………………….. generations.

(a) Zero generations.

(b) Same generations

(c) No generations

(d) Four to Six generations

Que. 4) Give an example of progeny that contains combined features of both the parents.

Que. 5) What is the full form of MOET

Answer Key

Que. 1)(b) Out-breeding.

Que. 2) (c) Breeder.

Que. 3) (d) Four to Six generations.

Que. 4) Answer: The mule is an example of progeny that contains combined features of both the parents.

Que. 5) Answer: The full form of MOET isMultiple Ovulation Embryo Transfer Technology.

Case Study 4

Bee-keeping or apiculture is the maintenance of hives of honeybees for the production of honey. It has been an age-old cottage industry. Honey is a food of high nutritive value and also finds use in the indigenous systems of medicine. Honeybee also produces beeswax, which finds many uses in industry, such as in the preparation of cosmetics and polishes of various kinds. The increased demand of honey has led to large-scale beekeeping practices; it has become an established income generating industry, whether practiced on a small or on a large scale. Bee-keeping can be practiced in any area where there are sufficient bee pastures of some wild shrubs, fruit orchards and cultivated crops. There are several species of honeybees which can be reared. Of these, the most common species is Apis indica. Beehives can be kept in one’s courtyard, on the verandah of the house or even on the roof. Bee-keeping is not labour-intensive. Bee-keeping though relatively easy does require some specialised knowledge and there are several organisations that teach bee-keeping.

The following points are important for successful bee-keeping: (i) Knowledge of the nature and habits of bees, (ii) Selection of suitable location for keeping the beehives, (iii) Catching and hiving of swarms (group of bees), (iv) Management of beehives during different seasons, and (v) Handling and collection of honey and of beeswax. Bees are the pollinators of many of our crop species (see chapter 2) such as sunflower, Brassica, apple and pear. Keeping beehives in crop fields during flowering period increases pollination efficiency and improves the yield–beneficial both from the point of view of crop yield and honey yield

Que. 1) Which of the following are pollinators of pear, sunflower, Brassica, and apple like crop species?

(a)  Bees

(b) Scorpions

(c) Spiders

(d) Lice

Que. 2) Apiculture of Bee-keeping is the process where maintenance of ……………………………………………………………………….. occurs.

(a) Nests

(b) Shells

(c) Hives

(d) None of these

Que. 3) A food that have high nutritive value is …………………………………………………………………………………… in the apiculture

(a) Curd

(b) Mushroom

(c) Honey

(d) Milk

Que. 4) Write any three successful ways of bee-keeping.

Que. 5) What does honey bee produce?

Answer Key

Que. 1)(a) Bees.

Que. 2) (c) Hives.

Que. 3) (c) Honey.

Que. 4) Answer: The successful ways of bee-keeping include beehive keeping in selected suitable location, Honey and beeswax collection, catching of swarms, hiving of swarms, and proper management of hives in various seasons.

Que. 5) Answer: Honey bee can produce honey (Has high nutritive value) and beeswax (Useful in cosmetic).

Case Study 5

One of the alternate sources of proteins for animal and human nutrition is Single Cell Protein (SCP). Microbes are being grown on an industrial scale as source of good protein. Blue-green algae like Spirulina can be grown easily on materials like waste water from potato processing plants (containing starch), straw, molasses, animal manure and even sewage, to produce large quantities and can serve as food rich in protein, minerals, fats, carbohydrate and vitamins. Incidentally such utilisation also reduces environmental pollution.

As traditional breeding techniques failed to keep pace with demand and to provide sufficiently fast and efficient systems for crop improvement, another technology called tissue culture got developed. What does tissue culture mean? It was learnt by scientists, during 1950s, that whole plants could be regenerated from explants, i.e., any part of a plant taken out and grown in a test tube, under sterile conditions in special nutrient media. This capacity to generate a whole plant from any cell/explant is called totipotency. You will learn how to accomplish this in higher classes. It is important to stress here that the nutrient medium must provide a carbon source such as sucrose and also inorganic salts, vitamins, amino acids and growth regulators like auxins, cytokinins etc. By application of these methods it is possible to achieve propagation of a large number of plants in very short durations. This method of producing thousands of plants through tissue culture is called micropropagation. Each of these plants will be genetically identical to the original plant from which they were grown, i.e., they are somaclones. Many important food plants like tomato, banana, apple, etc., have been produced on commercial scale using this method. Try to visit a tissue culture laboratory with your teacher to better understand and appreciate the process.

Que. 1) Which of the following is a Blue-green algae?

(a) Sparassidae

(b) Spirulina

(c) Blattodea

(d) None of these.

Que. 2) The method in which thousands of plants are produced through tissue culture is known as ……………………………………………………………………………….

(a) Tissue

(b) Totipotency

(c) Somaclones

(d) Propagation

Que. 3)……………………………………………………………………….. is an example of Somaclones

(a) Banana

(b) Apple

(c) Tomato

(d) All of them

Que. 4) Define following terms: Somaclones and Totipotency.

Que. 5) What does nutrient medium provide?

Answer Key

Que. 1)(b) Spirulina

Que. 2) (d) Propagation

Que. 3) (d) All of them

Que. 4) Answer:

Somaclones- The plants which are produced from tissue culture and are genetically identical to the plants from which they grown is called as Somaclones.

Totipotency- Under sterile condition, when the part of plant taken out to grow in the test tube in a certain nutrient media, this ability of generating whole plant from explant is known as Totipotency.

Que. 5) Answer: inorganic salts, vitamins, growth regulators and carbon sources are provided by the nutrient medium

Updated: February 18, 2022 — 10:19 pm

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