Case Study Questions Class 12 Biology Chapter 8 Human Health and Disease
CBSE Class 12 Case Study Questions Biology Human Health and Disease. Term 2 Important Case Study Questions for Class 12 Board Exam Students. Here we have arranged some Important Case Base Questions for students who are searching for Paragraph Based Questions Human Health and Disease.
At Case Study Questions there will given a Paragraph. In where some Important Questions will made on that respective Case Based Study. There will various types of marks will given 1 marks, 2 marks, 3 marks, 4 marks.
CBSE Case Study Questions Class 12 Biology Human Health and Disease
Case Study 1:
Our mind and mental state can affect our health. Of course, health is affected by- (i) genetic disorders – deficiencies with which a child is born and deficiencies/defects which the child inherits from parents from birth; (ii) infections and (iii) life style including food and water we take, rest and exercise we give to our bodies, habits that we have or lack etc. When the functioning of one or more organs or systems of the body is adversely affected, characterised by appearance of various signs and symptoms, we say that we are not healthy, i.e., we have a disease. Diseases can be broadly grouped into infectious and non-infectious.
Diseases which are easily transmitted from one person to another, are called infectious diseases. Infectious diseases are very common and every one of us suffers from these at some time or other. Some of the infectious diseases like AIDS are fatal. Among non-infectious diseases, cancer is the major cause of death. Drug and alcohol abuse also affect our health adversely.
Que. 1) Which of the following thing mainly affects health?
(a) Life style
(b) Education
(c) Genetic disorder
(d) Both (a) and (b)
Que. 2) When the child is born with some deficiencies then it is ……………………………………………………………………….
(a) Heart disease
(b) Genetic disorder
(c) Obesity
(d) Infections
Que. 3) If a person’s organ or organ system is affected then the symptoms will appear. And the person can say ……………………………………………………………….
(a) I am healthy.
(b) I am in good state.
(c) I am unhealthy.
(d) I am resting.
Que. 4) Define the term ‘Infectious disease’ and write an example.
Que. 5) Identify ‘B’
Disease | Examples |
1. Infectious disease | AIDs |
2. Non-infectious disease | ‘B’ |
Answer Key
Que. 1) (d) Both (a) and (b)
Que. 2) (b) Genetic disorder
Que. 3) (c) I am unhealthy.
Que. 4) Answer: Transmission of the diseases from one person to another is called as Infectious diseases. AIDs is an example of infectious disease.
Que. 5)
Disease | Examples |
1. Infectious disease | AIDs |
2. Non-infectious disease | Cancer |
Case Study 2:
A wide range of organisms belonging to bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoans, helminths, etc., could cause diseases in man. Such disease causing organisms are called pathogens. Most parasites are therefore pathogens as they cause harm to the host by living in (or on) them. The pathogens can enter our body by various means, multiply and interfere with normal vital activities, resulting in morphological and functional damage. Pathogens have to adapt to life within the environment of the host. For example, the pathogens that enter the gut must know a way of surviving in the stomach at low pH and resisting the various digestive enzymes. A few representative members from different groups of pathogenic organisms are discussed here along with the diseases caused by them. Preventive and control measures against these diseases in general, are also briefly described. Salmonella typhi is a pathogenic bacterium which causes typhoid fever in human beings. These pathogens generally enter the small intestine through food and water contaminated with them and migrate to other organs through blood. Sustained high fever (39° to 40°C), weakness, stomach pain, constipation, headache and loss of appetite are some of the common symptoms of this disease. Intestinal perforation and death may occur in severe cases.
Typhoid fever could be confirmed Widal test : A classic case in medicine, that of Mary Mallon nicknamed Typhoid Mary, is worth mentioning here. She was a cook by profession and was a typhoid carrier who continued to spread typhoid for several years through the food she prepared.
Que. 1) In a classic case, who was spreading typhoid by cooking?
(a) Mary Mallon
(b) Typhoid Cook
(c) Classic Mallon
(d) Mary Classic
Que. 2) Which of the following is a pathogenic bacterium?
(a) Plasmodium vivax
(b) Salmonella typhi
(c) Entamoeba histolytica
(d) Aedes Aegypti
Que. 3) The organisms like viruses, helminths, protozoa and bacteria which are responsible for causing disease in man are known as ……………………………………………………………………………………….
(a) Non-Infectious
(b) Enzymes
(c) Typhoid
(d) Pathogens
Que. 4) Write the name of pathogenic bacteria that causes typhoid and its symptoms.
Que. 5) Why most of parasites are pathogens?
Answer Key
Que. 1)(a) Mary Mallon.
Que. 2) (b) Salmonella typhi.
Que. 3) (d) Pathogens.
Que. 4) Answer: A pathogenic bacterium that causes typhoid fever in humans is Salmonella typhi. Salmonella typhi causes typhoid by entering small intestine. The common symptoms of typhoid disease are weakness, high fever, and loss of appetite, constipation, and headache.
Que. 5) Parasites live in or on the host and causes harm to the host. Hence, most of parasites are pathogens.
Case Study 3:
Bacteria like Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae are responsible for the disease pneumonia in humans which infects the alveoli (air filled sacs) of the lungs. As a result of the infection, the alveoli get filled with fluid leading to severe problems in respiration. The symptoms of pneumonia include fever, chills, cough and headache. In severe cases, the lips and finger nails may turn gray to bluish in colour. A healthy person acquires the infection by inhaling the droplets/aerosols released by an infected person or even by sharing glasses and utensils with an infected person. Dysentery, plague, diphtheria, etc., are some of the other bacterial diseases in man. Many viruses also cause diseases in human beings. Rhino viruses represent one such group of viruses which cause one of the most infectious human ailments – the common cold. They infect the nose and respiratory passage but not the lungs.
The common cold is characterised by nasal congestion and discharge, sore throat, hoarseness, cough, headache, tiredness, etc., which usually last for 3-7 days. Droplets resulting from cough or sneezes of an infected person are either inhaled directly or transmitted through contaminated objects such as pens, books, cups, doorknobs, computer keyboard or mouse, etc., and cause infection in a healthy person.
Que. 1) Which organ in the humans get affected by pneumonia disease?
(a) Stomach
(b) Heart
(c) Lungs
(d) Bladder
Que. 2) Rhino virus can infect ………………………………………………………………………… in the humans.
(a) Hand
(b) Nose
(c) Ear
(d) Hairs
Que. 3) By which of the following reason, an healthy person can acquire pneumonia disease?
(a) By exhaling droplets of non-infected person.
(b) By headache or leg pain.
(c) By eating fast food.
(d) By inhaling droplets of infected person.
Que. 4) How long does common cold last?
Que. 5) Write any two symptoms of common cold and pneumonia.
Answer Key
Que. 1)(c) Lungs
Que. 2) (b) Nose
Que. 3) (d) By inhaling droplets of infected person.
Que. 4) Answer: Common cold usually last for three to Seven days.
Que. 5) Answer: Common cold manly infects respiratory passage and pneumonia mainly infects alveoli. Symptoms of common cold are sore throat, cough and headache etc., and symptoms of pneumonia are fever, cough and chills etc. Fingers and lips turn gray to bluish colour in severe cases.
Case Study 4:
Ascaris, the common round worm and Wuchereria, the filarial worm, are some of the helminths which are known to be pathogenic to man. Ascaris, an intestinal parasite causes ascariasis. Symptoms of these disease include internal bleeding, muscular pain, fever, anemia and blockage of the intestinal passage. The eggs of the parasite are excreted along with the faeces of infected persons which contaminate soil, water, plants, etc. A healthy person acquires this infection through contaminated water, vegetables, fruits, etc. Wuchereria (W. bancrofti and W. malayi), the filarial worms cause a slowly developing chronic inflammation of the organs in which they live for many years, usually the lymphatic vessels of the lower limbs and the disease is called elephantiasis or filariasis. The genital organs are also often affected, resulting in gross deformities. The pathogens are transmitted to a healthy person through the bite by the female mosquito vectors.
Many fungi belonging to the genera Microsporum, Trichophyton and Epidermophyton are responsible for ringworms which is one of the most common infectious diseases in man. Appearance of dry, scaly lesions on various parts of the body such as skin, nails and scalp are the main symptoms of the disease.
Que. 1) If a person is having dry and scaly lesions on various parts of the body, then the person is infected by …………………………………………………………………. Disease.
(a) Ringworm
(b) Roundworm
(c) Filarial worm
(d) Earthworm
Que. 2) A healthy person can have infection of Ascaris through ………………………………………………………………………………….
(a) Moisture
(b) Mosquito
(c) Gases
(d) Contaminated food and water
Que. 3) The disease filariasis can transmit to a healthy person through ……………………………………………………………………………….
(a) Through fungi
(b) Through round worm
(c) Through female mosquito bite
(d) Through ringworms
Que. 4) Name any two genera of the fungi which are responsible for causing ringworms.
Que. 5) Give an example of filarial worm and round worm.
Answer Key
Que. 1)(a) Ringworm.
Que. 2) (d) Contaminated food and water
Que. 3) (c) Through female mosquito bite.
Que. 4) Answer: Epidermophyton and Microsporum are the two genera of fungi which are responsible for causing ringworms.
Que. 5) Answer: Example of filarial worm is Wuchereria and an example of round worm is Ascaris.
Case Study 5:
Every day we are exposed to large number of infectious agents. However, only a few of these exposures result in disease. Why? This is due to the fact that the body is able to defend itself from most of these foreign agents. This overall ability of the host to fight the disease-causing organisms, conferred by the immune system is called immunity.
Immunity is of two types: (i) Innate immunity and (ii) Acquired immunity. Innate Immunity Innate immunity is non-specific type of defence, that is present at the time of birth. This is accomplished by providing different types of barriers to the entry of the foreign agents into our body. Innate immunity consist of four types of barriers. These are — (i) Physical barriers: Skin on our body is the main barrier which prevents entry of the micro-organisms. Mucus coating of the epithelium lining the respiratory, gastrointestinal and urogenital tracts also help in trapping microbes entering our body. (ii) Physiological barriers: Acid in the stomach, saliva in the mouth, tears from eyes–all prevent microbial growth. (iii) Cellular barriers: Certain types of leukocytes (WBC) of our body like polymorpho-nuclear leukocytes (PMNL-neutrophils) and monocytes and natural killer (type of lymphocytes) in the blood as well as macrophages in tissues can phagocytose and destroy microbes. (iv)Cytokine barriers: Virus-infected cells secrete proteins called interferons which protect non-infected cells from further viral infection.
Que. 1) A skin barrier that protects our body from entering micro-organisms is a …………………………………………………………….. barrier.
(a) Cellular barrier
(b) Physical barrier
(c) Physiological barrier
(d) Both (a) and (c)
Que. 2) A non-specific type of defence is also known as ……………………………………………………………………………….
(a) Innate immunity
(b) Acquired immunity
(c) Pathogen specific
(d) PMNL
Que. 3) When the host is able to fight against disease-casing organisms, then the ability is known as …………………………………………………………………………….
(a) Microbial growth
(b) Immunity
(c) Barriers
(d) Interferons
Que. 4) What is meant by cellular barriers?
Que. 5) Which type of barrier include interferons that protects non-infected cells from further viral infection?
Answer Key
Que. 1)(b) Physical barrier.
Que. 2) (a) Innate immunity.
Que. 3) (b) Immunity.
Que. 4) Answer: An Innate immunity which has specific types of leukocytes (Like monocytes, polymorpho-nuclear leukocytes,and natural killer macrophages in tissue and in the blood) that can phagocytose and destroy microbes in our body, this is known as Cellular barriers.
Que. 5) Answer: Cytokine is a type of barrier which include interferons to protect non-infected cells from further viral infection.
Case study will taken from which chapter of biology in exam?