Blood Group

Blood can be defined as a fluid connective tissue that transport the oxygen and nutrients through out the body. Blood have many roles in body.

Functions of blood :

  1. Blood regulates the body temperature.
  2. Transportation of nutrients and hormones throughout the body.
  3. Protection of body from invading pathogens.
  4. Regulate the pH and ions in the body.

Blood is made up of 2 types of components : Blood plasma and cells of blood.

1. Blood plasma :Blood plasma is consist of water, ions, proteins, nutrients, waste and gases, minerals. It is straw colored fluid. As we can see in diagram, the blood is made up of 55 % blood plasma. The proteins which are present in blood plasma arecalled plasma proteins.

 2. Cells of blood :Cells of blood also called as formed elements. These formed elements comprise 45 % of blood. Formed elements are divided into 3 types such as WBC, RBC and platelets. The one more interesting fact about blood is blood group and types of blood group.

Blood group was first discovered by Karl Landsteiner in 1901. There are 2 classifications of blood group such as ABO blood group system and Rh negative system.

ABO blood group system:The human blood group is divided into 4 types such as: A blood depends on presence of antigen and responding antibody. The antigen is present on the surface of erythrocytes or RBC and the antibody present in plasma.

Sr No. Blood group Antigen Antibody
1 A A Anti -B
2 B B Anti -A
3 AB A and B.
4 O Anti -A and Anti -B

The O blood group called as universal donor because it don’t have any antigen whereas AB blood group called as universal acceptor. The knowledge about blood group is essential for transfusion of blood. A blood group person cannot donate blood to B blood group person. Similarly AB blood group person cannot donate blood to O blood group person. Blood transfusion can occur for A to A, B to B, AB to AB and O to O.

Rhblood group system:The Rh blood group system was also developed by Karl Landsteiner. Rh is invented from Rhesus monkey, it was discovered first in monkey therefore the antigen called as Rh antigen. The humans which contain Rh antigen are Rh positive whereas the humans which don’t have Rh antigen are called Rh negative. The Rh blood group people are rare in world. If mother and father both have Rh positive blood group then their offspring must be Rh positive and if one of the parent is Rh negative then there are 50 % of chances that child can be Rh positive or negative.

Question and answers:

1.) What are the components of blood?

Answer:Blood is made up of 2 types of components : Blood plasma and cells of blood.

  1. Blood plasma : Blood plasma is consist of water, ions, proteins, nutrients, waste and gases, minerals. It is straw colored fluid. As we can see in diagram, the blood is made up of 55 % blood plasma. The proteins which are present in blood plasma are called plasma proteins.
  2. Cells of blood : Cells of blood also called as formed elements. These formed elements comprise 45 % of blood. Formed elements are divided into 3 types such as WBC, RBC and platelets.

2)What are the two types of blood group system?

Answer:There are 2 classifications of blood group such as ABO blood group system and Rh negative system.

3.) Who discovered the blood group system?

Answer:Blood group was first discovered by Karl Landsteiner in 1901.

4.) Explain ABO blood group.

Answer:The human blood group is divided into 4 types such as: A blood depends on presence of antigen and responding antibody. The antigen is present on the surface of erythrocytes or RBC and the antibody present in plasma.

Sr No. Blood group Antigen Antibody
1 A A Anti -B
2 B B Anti -A
3 AB A and B.
4 O Anti -A and Anti -B

The O blood group called as universal donor because it don’t have any antigen whereas AB blood group called as universal acceptor. The knowledge about blood group is essential for transfusion of blood. A blood group person cannot donate blood to B blood group person. Similarly AB blood group person cannot donate blood to O blood group person. Blood transfusion can occur for A to A, B to B, AB to AB and O to O.

5.) Explain Rh blood group system.

Answer:The Rh blood group system was also developed by Karl Landsteiner. Rh is invented from Rhesus monkey, it was discovered first in monkey therefore the antigen called as Rh antigen. The humans which contain Rh antigen are Rh positive whereas the humans which don’t have Rh antigen are called Rh negative. The Rh blood group people are rare in world. If mother and father both have Rh positive blood group then their offspring must be Rh positive and if one of the parent is Rh negative then there are 50 % of chances that child can be Rh positive or negative.

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